Mathematica

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Mathematica是由美国科学家斯蒂芬·沃尔夫勒姆领导的Wolfram Research开发的一个广泛使用的计算机代数系统。它拥有强大的数值计算和符号运算能力。它是目前为止使用最广泛的数学软件之一。

Wolfram公司从1986年开始开发Mathematica，1988年推出第1版。现在的版本是6.0。Mathematica现在已经推出了小波分析程序包、图像处理程序包和工程程序包等多种程序包。程序包在Mathematica中称为Package。

Mathematica 可以使用于多个不同的系统上, 支持大量的范围广泛的运算符，图形和层的扩展功能。

Mathematica 系统包括一个可以计算有限用户输出的“核心”，并可以工作于网络之上。

【備註】:Mathematica同時也為Wolfram公司的註冊商標。

[编辑] Mathematica 代码例子

 In[1]:= Det@ReplaceAll[Table[i j, {i,0,5}, {j,0,5}],{0->1}]
 Out[1]:= 0

[编辑] Overview

Wolfram 和他的工作團隊在1986年開始進行研發Mathematica而Mathematica1.0在1988年的一月23日正式發行。Mathematica是一套可以應用在相當廣泛的作業系統之中。而Mathematica6.0已在2007年5月發行。

Mathematica程序设计语言以“条目重写”为基础，并支持按函数或过程编程（尽管一般来说按照函数编程更为高效）。它植入了C语言面向对象的变量，但是大部分的外部代码库实际上是由Mathematica语言写成，从而能够对系统进行进一步扩展。Mathematica的一项特色是，新的代码是以函式庫（Package）的形式添加的，比如在Mathematica语言中的文本文件。

[编辑] Advantage

Mathematica makes laying out computations very easy. For example, users may re-evaluate code by clicking on it and hitting shift-enter. Users may re-evaluate hierarchically-nested blocks of code by clicking on a set of braces and hitting shift-enter. This makes Mathematica ideal for tasks such as doing homework, so one error early in a computation can be fixed easily and the intermediate computations automatically redone. Compare this with Matlab's UNIX-shell approach, where redoing calculations requires finding them in your history and recopying them.

Additionally, Mathematica is able to handle arbitrary-precision numbers and rational numbers, as compared to other mathematics programs such as Matlab, Excel, and most standard programming languages.

Additionally, the learning curve of Mathematica is very easy; the help documents are well-written and organized as compared to other computer math software.

Mathematica also has very generalized functions (for example, an outer product which takes any type of function), as well as a great variety of functions. As a higher-level multi-paradigm programming language, it requires much less code than most programming languages in order to write the same thing.

[编辑] 特色

Mathematica的許多特色包含有:

一個個的運算單元，減少計算的錯誤
許多內建包裝好的特殊的函式,例如線性代數, 排列組合, 圖像操作, 繪圖, 等等.
A LISP-like generality, with the ability to pass expressions and hold expressions unevaluated
Rewrite-rules as the building-block of the language, so one can for example replace all instances of arbitrarily complex terms with other terms (e.g. "plugging in values" for calculations, or changing an image/graph on-the-fly by modifying its code)

[编辑] 版本

Mathematica built on the ideas in Cole and Wolfram's earlier Symbolic Manipulation Program (SMP).

Wolfram has released the following versions:

Mathematica 1.0 (1988)
Mathematica 1.2 (1989)
Mathematica 2.0 (1991)
Mathematica 2.1 (1992)
Mathematica 2.2 (1993)
Mathematica 3.0 (1996)
Mathematica 4.0 (1999)
Mathematica 4.1 (2000)
Mathematica 4.2 (2002)
Mathematica 5.0 (2003)
Mathematica 5.1 (2004)
Mathematica 5.2 (2005)
Mathematica 6.0 (2007)

[编辑] 参见

[编辑] 外部连結

来自“http://203.110.169.173/wiki/Mathematica”

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